ABSTRACT
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy ( LIBS) was used to detect the compositions of soil in the air, and the quantitative analysis model with genetic algorithm-partial least squares ( GA-PLS ) was established. A total of fifty-eight soil samples were split into calibration, monitoring and prediction sets. Eleven soil compositions including Mn, Cr, Cu, Pb, Ba, Al2 O3 , CaO, Fe2 O3 , MgO, Na2 O, and K2 O were quantitatively analyzed. The results demonstrated that, as a pretreatment method for optimizing the selection of spectral lines, GA could be effectively used to reduce the number of spectral lines for use in building PLS model, and hence simplify the quantitative analysis model. More importantly, for most of the soil compositions, GA-PLS could significantly improve the prediction ability compared with the conventional PLS model. Take Mn as an example, the root-mean-square error of prediction ( RMSEP ) was decreased from 0. 0215% to 0 . 0167%, and the mean percent prediction error ( MPE ) was decreased from 8 . 10% to 5 . 20%. The research provides an approach for further improving the accuracy of LIBS quantitative analysis in soil.
ABSTRACT
The microinjection of brain nuclei and potassium iontophresis induced tail flick were used to investigate the effect of injecting oxytocin (OT) or anti-oxytocin serum (AOTS) into locus ceruleus (LC) on the pain threshold (PT) and morphine analgesia. The result showed that OT injection into LC could enhance PT, while ATOS injection could reduce PT. The OT injection could strengthen morphine analgesia, but AOTS injection could antagonize this action. These results suggest that the OT analgesia and OT-enhanced morphine analgesia were related with the locus ceruleus.